Field observations of seabed scour dynamics in front of a seawall during winter gales

Seawalls are vital for protecting coastal areas. However, the seabed in front of seawalls may undergo severe scouring. This can result destabilization seawall structure, underlying mechanisms which remains unclear. Therefore, an integrated observation system consisting acoustic and optical instruments was deployed areas with used to observe sediment dynamics elements such as waves, currents, tides, turbulence suspended concentration (SSC) 31 days winter. Using advanced time–frequency analysis techniques including wavelet transform spectrum analysis, we examined dynamic factors associated resuspension transport. In calm weather conditions, a notable increase SSC not observed indicating that tidal were sufficient suspension. During high winds, increased sharply 12,222 mg/L, vertical diffusion flux induced by coupled SSC, predominantly attributed local resuspension. Consistent temporal distribution turbulence-induced momentum power spectra highlights important role dynamics. Enhanced longshore currents during wave conditions intensified transportation. Horizontal net fluxes notably 769 t/m 2 per day winter gales, had significant effect on erosion. study reveals key processes scouring gale events.